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ADOLESCENT COGNITIVE discipline According to Piaget, around age 11 young people sneak in the formal operations stage in which they develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. A characteristic of formal operational thinking = hypothetic-deductive reasoning. When faced with a problem they start with a hypothesis or prediction intimately variables that might affect the outcome, from which they deduce rational, testable inferences.Then they systematically isolate and combine variables to catch up with which of these inferences are confirmed in the real world A insurgent characteristic of Piagets formal operational thought is propositional thought the might to evaluate the logic of propositions (verbal statements) without referring to real vivification situations Consequences of Adolescent Cognitive breeding Cognitive development leads to distorted images of the relationship between the self and others. complex number audience belief that they are the f ocus of everyone elses attention and concern.As a result they become extremely self-conscious A second cognitive distortion is the psycheal fable they are sure others are spy and thinking about them they develop an inflated opinion of their own enormousness a feeling that they are special and unique EMOTIONAL AND fond DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESENCE Erikson suggested that identity is the major personality achievement of adolescents it involves formation who one is, what one determine and the direction one chooses to pursue in life.Erikson called the psychological conflict of adolescence Identity versus Role Confusion Research has determine 4 identity statuses Identity Achievement freight to values, beliefs, and goals following a period of exploration Identity Moratorium exploration without committing Identity Foreclosure commitment in the absence of exploration Identity Diffusion an apathetic state characterized by lack of both exploration and commitment Peer pressure is s pacious during adolescenceAdolescents feel pressured to conform to the peer culture dress, grooming Problems of Adolescence Depression felo-de-se ahead of time ADULTHOOD COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Contrary to what Piaget suggested, researchers argue that cognitive development continues beyond adolescence to Postformal Thought Several theories in support William Perry relativistic thinking the ability to recognize the legitimacy of competing points of view Gisella ViefPragmatic thinking a tool in which logic becomes the tool for solving real-world problems. Proposed that postformal thinking involves adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations. EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY ADULTHOOD Erikson suggested that early adulthood encompasses Intimacy versus Isolation stage, which is reflected in the you persons thoughts and feeling about making a permanent commitment to an intimate partner.The social clock age graded expectations for major life ev ents Establishing intimate relationships usually end in marriage, then come children. last to have children COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN inwardness ADULTHOOD Does light decline with age? Yes and No Fluid Intelligence depends heavily on basic information processing skills Crystallized Intelligence refers to skills that depend on accumulate knowledge and experience, good judgment, and mastery of social conventions abilities acquired because they are values within the individuals culture.EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD Eriksons crisis in middle adulthood = generativity versus stagnation it involves comer out to others in ways that give to and guide the next times Midlife Crisis the inner turmoil during the transition to middle adulthood Empty snuggle Syndrome Sandwich generation to refer to the idea that middle aged adults must care for multiple generations at the same time. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN LATE ADULTHOOD