Effect of Ph on Food Preservatives Essay

Sodium Benzoate is a common food tutelary used in food products such as jams and jellies, soft drinks, pickles, condiments etc and in tinned products in the market. This investigate aimed to determine whether benzoic acid is organise from its superior soluble form atomic number 11 benzoate in pot acid, which is fictitious by HCl (pH=2). It has been seen that at a low optimum pH, i.e. in the presence of decent hydrochloric acid, sufficient benzoic acid is imparted. The parcel throw is determined from the calculations of the theoretical (stoichiometric) calculations and the actual suffer from the reaction. Also throughout the experiment, both(prenominal) grassroots laboratory operations such as measuring plurality and volume, separating solids from liquids by vacuum filtration and drying solids atomic number 18 familiarized with.Introduction The reaction of sodium benzoate and hydrochloric acid is a typical phenomenon of hydrolysis reaction which conforms to the princip les of acid-base chemistry and stoichiometry. In a typical hydrolysis reaction, when a salt dissolves in water, the salt dissociates to its constituent anions and cations (benzoate and sodium ions respectively). Also, when strong acids like hydrochloric acid dissolves in water, chloride ions and hydronium ions are formed.Hence in the reaction involving sodium benzoate and hydrochloric acid solution, in the presence of high assimilation of hydronium ions, protons will be transferred from the strong acid H3O+ to the basic benzoate ion. This will yield benzoic acid, C6H5COOH which precipitates from the solution as it has a really poor solvability (0.34g/100ml). The fundamental reaction is sketched out below As can be seen from the difference in the pKa values, H3O+ is a much stronger acid than benzoic acid. So, the chemical equilibrium of the reaction strongly favours its completion and hence hydrochloric acid which ideally simulates the acid conditions of the stomach, does convert benzoate to benzoic acid.Safety Throughout the lab safety goggles, protective gloves and aprons were worn while carrying out the experiments. While transferring the HCl to the reaction vial in the student hood, the head must never be inside the spyglass hood as vapour inhalation can cause strangling hazard and irritations. Also the hosepipes were carefully plugged in and out of the diffuse flask to avoid breakage or tipping of the Hirsh funnel.Experimental For this experiment and basic operations, calibrated Pasteur pipettes, a 5ml conical reaction vial, watch glass, stirring rod, electronic balance, small test tube, Hirsh funnel, filter flask and filter paper are used. The procedure for this experiment appears on page 7 of the lab manual, Multiscale entire Chemistry (4th custom UB edition)3.As the primary objective of this experiment was to regain out whether sodium benzoate reacts with simulated stomach acid to form benzoic acid, the results clearly indicate that a successfu l reaction close to completion, if not fully complete, has taken place. The percentage yield calculation reveals that approximately 90% of benzoic acid as white precipitate were recovered from the reaction. at that place were a number of factors which might have contributed to the 10% deficiency in the final yield. It needs to be mentioned though that a percentage yield of less than 100% is achieved because the drying of the solid mass after vacuum filtration was sufficient to give a practical number. During measurements of mass of benzoate and benzoic acid when its formed, there were open human errors involved. Some benzoates were lost while transferring to the conical reaction vial from the watch glasses, and further loss of the product benzoic acid might have taken place when the solution florilegium was tipped on the Hirsh funnel.We couldnt determine if the reaction was complete or not, so we might not have had all the salt reborn 4. The solution might not have sufficiently a nd gradually cooled though every effort was made for that, hence there could be lose of benzoic acid crystals forming. The litmus test might have contributed to a significant loss of the precipitate, but only one instead of three-fold tests were performed to see if the reaction mixture was acidic enough. Given the carefully controlled experiments and the 90% yield, it can be deemed that the methods used to perform the experiments are full inference and performed as immaculately as possible.Conclusion The fact that a innovative substance is formed indeed when sodium benzoate is placed into a simulated stomach acid has been demonstrated successfully with the aid of the experiments and aforementioned results. A 90% yield suggests that all the basic operations were carried out as neatly and carefully as possible and measures taken to minimize obvious errors which could take place while performing the experiments. All in all, the experiment provided a practical evidence of the theory behind the hydrolysis of sodium benzoate and percentage yield of its product.